Educational inclusion and satisfaction of families of students with intellectual disabilities: a bibliometric study.

This bibliometric study scrutinizes the corpus of scientific output within the Web of Science pertaining to familial satisfaction among parents raising children with intellectual disabilities, focusing specifically on the milieu of educational inclusion. The analysis discerns a discernible ascension in scholarly interest in this domain, encapsulating 77 papers emanating from 75 journals, incorporating an aggregate of 3,497 cited references. Our investigation delineated 354 researchers across 39 nations, underscoring the transnational purview of this scholarly endeavor. The United States emerged as the pre-eminent contributor, with Canada and the United Kingdom following suit. Collaboration on an international scale was notably led by the US, with the UK and Australia trailing in tandem. Prominent institutions were identified for their scholarly output; the University of Kansas led with four papers, followed closely by Monash University, University of California Los Angeles, and University of California Riverside, each contributing three papers. Of particular note, the University of Kansas accrued 250 global citations (TGCS). A total of 75 journals were encompassed in this study. The Journal of Intellectual Disability Research emerged as the vanguard with four published papers, closely trailed by Child Care Health and Development and Exceptional Children. Notably, the latter boasted the highest impact factor (JCR = 4.09; Q1). In summation, this review proffers a meticulous and expansive overview of extant scholarship concerning the experiences of families rearing children with disabilities within the inclusive education framework.

COVID-19 y esfuerzo asistencial en atención primaria / COVID-19 and assistance effort in Primary Care

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I'm Not Good for Anything and That's Why I'm Stressed: Analysis of the Effect of Self-Efficacy and Emotional Intelligence on Student Stress Using SEM and QCA.

Stress negatively affects the well-being and the quality of life of the society. Specifically in the academic context, it is relevant to analyze its levels due to its impact on performance and learning. There are factors that affect the said stress including, among others, self-efficacy, and emotional intelligence. The purpose of this study is to analyze how emotional intelligence and perceived self-efficacy affect student stress. In order to show this influence, two complementary methodologies are implemented: the structural equation models (SEMs) and the comparative qualitative analysis (QCA). A total of 477 students (85% of women) from a private University of Valencia participated in the study, with ages ranging from 18 to 53 years old (M = 21.57, SD = 3.68). The assessment instruments used were as follows: Emotional Intelligence Scale (TMMS-24) to measure emotional intelligence; General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSS) to measure self-efficacy; and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) to measure stress. The results in the SEM endorse the hypotheses that emotional clarity and self-efficacy are negatively related to stress and positively related to emotional attention (EA), explaining 25% of the variance. The QCA results show that none of the variables is a necessary condition for inducing stress. Nevertheless, different combinations of these variables are sufficient conditions to explain 35% of the high stress levels. The most important combination over high stress levels seems to be the interaction between high levels of EA and low levels of self-efficacy. Regarding the low levels of perceived stress, there are sufficient conditions to explain 50% of them. Mainly, the most important interaction is between low levels of self-efficacy and low levels of EA. The comparison of both methodologies enables the broadening of new horizons at the methodological level applicable to different contexts.

Quality of life in children with infrequent congenital heart defects: cohort study with one-year of follow-up.

BACKGROUND: The evidence regarding patient related outcomes in children with infrequent congenital heart defects (I-CHD) is very limited. We sought to measure quality of life (QoL) in children with I-CHD, and secondarily, to describe QoL changes after one-year of follow-up, self-reported by children and through their caregivers' perspective. METHODS: We assembled a cohort of children diagnosed with an I-CHD in a cardiovascular referral center in Colombia, between August 2016 and September 2018. At baseline and at one-year follow-up, a clinical psychology assessment was performed to establish perception of QoL. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) 4.0 scale was used in both general and cardiac modules for patients and for their caregivers. We used a Mann-Whitney U test to compare scores for general and cardiac modules between patients and caregivers, while a Wilcoxon test was used to compared patients' and caregivers' baseline and follow-up scores. Results are presented as median and interquartile range. RESULTS: To date, QoL evaluation at one-year follow-up has been achieved in 112/157 patients (71%). Self-reported scores in general and cardiac modules were higher than the QoL perceived through their caregivers, both at baseline and after one-year of follow-up. When compared, there was no statistically significant difference in general module scores at baseline between patients (median = 74.4, IQR = 64.1-80.4) and caregivers scores (median = 68.4, IQR = 59.6-83.7), p = 0.296. On the contrary, there was a statistical difference in baseline scores in the cardiac module between patients (median = 79.6, IQR = 69.7-87.4) and caregivers (median = 73.6, IQR = 62.6-84.3), p = 0.019. At one-year of follow-up, scores for the general module between patients (median = 72.8, IQR = 59.2-85.9) and caregivers (median = 69.9, IQR = 58.1-83.7) were not statistically different (p = 0.332). Finally, a significant difference was found for cardiac module scores between patient (median = 75.0, IQR = 67.1-87.1) and caregivers (median = 73.1, IQR = 59.5-83.8), p = 0.034. CONCLUSIONS: QoL in children with I-CHD can be compromised. However, children have a better perception of their QoL when compared with their caregivers' assessments. To provide high-quality care, besides a thorough clinical evaluation, QoL directly elicited by the child should be an essential aspect in the integral management of I-CHD.

Challenges to the improvement of Colombian medical brigades aimed at the diagnosis of congenital heart disease: A qualitative approach.

Qualitative research of brigades and the family experience of congenital heart disease is of current interest and has been previously neglected. This study aimed to explore the social factors conditioning outcomes of paediatric cardiology care in the setting of Colombian medical brigades and to identify feasible strategies to improve the experience of the beneficiary populations. Participants were selected using purposeful sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with members of logistic and health care teams, caregivers and custodians of beneficiary children of the Programme. The data collected provided an understanding of the health culture, social background, household and intrafamily dynamics. The outcomes of the Programme are influenced by sociocultural dynamics such as communication gaps and the socioeconomic status of the beneficiary populations. Findings may be specific to brigades, but also cross-relevant to any family experience of a new diagnosis of Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) communicating with healthcare professionals. It is important to foresee the role and further development of the Programme. Recommendations are provided suggesting innovative work by means of telemedicine and other sociocultural measures to reduce healthcare inequity and strengthen comprehensive healthcare programmes.

Improving sustainability in the remediation of contaminated soils by the use of compost and energy valorization by Paulownia fortunei.

The plantation of fast growing trees in contaminated sites, in combination with the use of organic wastes, could partially solve a dual environmental problem: the disposal of these wastes and the improvement of soil quality in these degraded soils. This study evaluated the effects of two compost on the quantity and quality of Paulownia fortunei biomass and on syngas production by biomass gasification, produced by plants growing on trace elements contaminated soils. Compost increased biomass production to values similar to those produced in non-contaminated soils, due to the improvement in plant nutritional status. Moreover, biomass quality for gasification was increased by compost addition. Trace element accumulation in the biomass was relatively low and not related to biomass production or the gas quality obtained through gasification. Thus, P. fortunei plantations could pose an opportunity to improve the economic balance of the revegetation of contaminated soils, given that other commercial uses such as food or fodder crop production is not recommended in these soils.

Factores promotores de cultura nutricional en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes de la Universidad de La Sabana / Promoting factors of nutritional culture in adolescents and young adult of the Universidad de La Sabana

Objetivo: Evaluar la composición corporal, el perfil lipídico y principales hábitos de vida saludable en la población estudiada. Materiales y métodos: Medición de la composición corporal por medio de impedanciómetro, muestras de sangre para la determinación de colesterol total, triglicéridos y lipoproteínas (HDL y LDL) en 161 jóvenes universitarios (17-28 años). Resultados: 74.6 % normopeso, 10.5 % bajo peso, 14.2 % sobrepeso y 1 % obesidad. Química sanguínea: 23 % presentaba hipercolesterolemia, 13.7 % hipertrigliceridemia, 31% bajo c-HDL y 2.5 % alto c-LDL. Un 40.63 % de las mujeres y 50 % de los hombres son fumadores; 40 % de las mujeres y 21.5 % de los hombres consume frutas diariamente; 17 % de las mujeres y 33.33 % de los hombres consume alcohol de manera semanal. El 62.50 % de la población entrevistada que se encuentra en sobrepeso refirió que no realiza actividad física. Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos nos sugieren que es importante reforzar en nuestra población una cultura de hábitos saludables, caracterizada por una alimentación saludable y una mayor actividad física, que constituyen dos de las principales alternativas para la prevención de enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles.

Introduction: The assessment of body composition, as well as knowledge of risk factors among young university students is of great interest. Objectives: To evaluate body composition, lipid profile and characterize students' health lifestyles. Materials and methods: University students (n=161) (17-28 years), were tested for body composition by impedance meter, blood samples for total cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoprotein (HDL and LDL). Results: 74.6 % had normal weight, 10.5 % were underweight, 14.2 % overweight and 1 % were obese. Blood chemistry: 23% had hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia 13.7 %, 3% low HDL-C and 2.5 % high LDL-C. A 40.63 % of women and 50% of men are smokers, 40% of women and 21.5 % of men consume fruits daily, 17 % of women and 33.33 % of men consume alcohol on a weekly basis. Of the surveyed overweight population, 62.50 % do not engage in physical activity. Conclusions: These findings suggest the importance of strengthening healthy practices in the students population; healthy diet and increased physical activity, are two of the main alternatives for the prevention of chronic non-reportable diseases.

La obesidad y su relación con otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular en una población de estudiantes universitarios del centro de Bogotá / Obesity and its relationship with other cardiovascular risk factors in a population of university students in downtown Bogotá

La obesidad y sus complicaciones constituyen una de las principales pandemias a nivel mundial, en especial la Diabetes tipo 2 que está asociada a la resistencia a la insulina. El propósito de este trabajo es describir la relación existente entre la obesidad y otros de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en una población de estudiantes universitarios del centro de Bogotá. Previo consentimiento informado, se procedió a la medición de la composición corporal, a través de la toma de: pliegue tricipital y supraescapular mediante adipometro, perímetro de cintura, índice de Masa Corporal, Masa Magra, Masa Grasa y porcentaje de grasa entre otras. También se realizaron tomas de muestras de sangre para determinar glucemia, colesterol total, triglicéridos y lipoproteínas, cuya relación permite el cálculo del índice aterogénico. De una muestra final de 76 estudiantes, el 15,5% presenta sobrepeso; el 76,5 % está dentro de rangos considerados normales; y el 8,0% presenta bajo peso. En lo referente a los datos por sexo, se encontró que un 5,5 % de hombres y un 19,0% de las mujeres presentaban sobrepeso y un 5,5% de los hombres y un 8,6 % de las mujeres presentaban bajo peso, en ningún caso hubo personas obesas. El perímetro de cintura varió entre 68 y 97 cm en hombres y entre 61 y 92 cm en mujeres, finalmente el porcentaje de grasa estuvo entre 27,6 a 30,7 en hombres y entre 11,0 a 36,9 en mujeres. Teniendo en cuenta los resultados obtenidos, es importante promover en nuestra población una cultura de hábitos saludables, caracterizada por una alimentación saludable y una mayor actividad física; también se recomienda, especialmente durante los primeros años de vida, ya que es en esta etapa donde se adquieren o instauran gran parte de los mismos y que en muchos casos permanecerán toda la vida.

Obesity and its complications are one of the major pandemics at the global level, especially type 2 diabetes that is associated with insulin resistance. The purpose of this paper is to describe the relationship between obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors of university students in downtown Bogota. After obtaining an informed consent, we proceeded to the measurement of the following body parts: triceps skinfold and suprascapular through adipometer, waist circumference, body mass index, lean mass, fat mass and fat glucose, total percentage among others. Blood samples were also taken to determine blood cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoproteins, whose relationship allows the calculation of the atherogenic index. From a final sample of 76 students, 15.5 % was overweight; 76.5 % was considered within normal ranges; and the 8.0 % was underweight. In regard to the data by sex, it was found that a 5.5 % of men and 19.0 % of women were overweight and 5.5 % of men and 8.6 % of the women had low weight, there were no obese people in any case. The waist perimeter varied between 68 and 97 cm in men and between 61 and 92 cm in women, finally the fat percentage was between 27.6 and 30.7 in men and from 11.0 to 36.9 in women. Taking into account the results obtained, it is important to promote in our population a culture of healthy habits, characterized by a healthy diet and increased physical activity; it is also recommended, especially during the first years of life, as it is in this stage where the majority of these habits are acquired and will last for life.

Modelo computacional para la formación de clases de equivalencia / A Computational Model for the Formation of Equivalence Classes

A computational model of neuronal net closely related with the formation of equivalence classes is developed. First the formal pattern of the neuronal net is presented and then its operation and its direct relationship with the phenomenon of the formation of the equivalence classes and with the derived relationships are explained. Later on, the validation of the pattern is described carrying out several simulations allowing verification of the pattern so it is able to generate relationships not explicitly trained, these results being adjusted to the basic results of this investigation line. These simulations were carried out using a training of classic conditioning and a test phase by means of conditional discriminations (AU)

Se desarrolla un modelo computacional de red neuronal que está estrechamente relacionado con la formación de clases de equivalencia. Primero se presenta el modelo formal de la red neuronal para luego explicar su funcionamiento y su relación directa con el fenómeno de la formación de las clases de equivalencia y con las relaciones derivadas. Posterior- mente, se describe la validación del modelo realizando varias simulaciones permitiendo verificar así que el modelo es capaz de generar relaciones no explícitamente entrenadas, ajustándose estos resultados a los resultados básicos de esta línea de investigación. Dichas simulaciones se realizaron utilizando un entrenamiento de condicionamiento clásico y una fase de prueba mediante discriminaciones condicionales (AU)

[Competence between propioceptive and exteroceptive conditional stimuli in a conditional discrimination task]. / Competencia entre estímulos condicionales propioceptivos y exteroceptivos en una tarea de discriminación condicional.

An experiment was carried out with humans as subjects, aged between 7 and 53, in which a conditional discrimination procedure with compound samples made up by exteroceptive (colored geometric shapes) and proprioceptive stimuli (different ways of pointing at them) was used. Thus, subjects were trained to perform differently in the presence of each sample, and later to choose the correct comparison. They were then evaluated in a conditional discrimination with unitary samples for each one of the components of the previous compound stimulus (only behavior and only colored shapes). For this, a competition procedure was designed. Results showed that the exteroceptive stimuli exerted more influence over the chosen behavior than the proprioceptive stimuli. Results are discussed in relation to the importance that one's own behavior discrimination may have in the origins of bi-directional discriminative control.

Competencia entre estímulos condicionales propioceptivos y exteroceptivos en una tarea de discriminación condicional / Competence between propioceptive and exteroceptive conditional stimuli in a conditional discrimination task

Se realizó un experimento con sujetos humanos de edades comprendidas entre los 7 y los 53 años en el que se utilizó un procedimiento de discriminación condicional con muestras compuestas formadas por estímulos exteroceptivos (figuras geométricas coloreadas) y propioceptivos (diferentes formas de señalar tales figuras). De esta forma, los sujetos fueron entrenados a emitir una conducta diferencial ante cada muestra y a elegir la comparación correcta. Posteriormente se evaluó la ejecución de los sujetos tanto en una discriminación condicional con muestra simple para cada uno de los componentes del anterior estímulo compuesto (sólo conducta y sólo figuras coloreadas) como mediante un procedimiento de competencia. Los resultados indicaron que los estímulos exteroceptivos adquirieron mayor control sobre la conducta de elección que los estímulos propioceptivos. Se discuten los resultados en relación con la importancia que la discriminación de la propia conducta puede tener en la génesis del control discriminativo bidireccional (AU)

An experiment was carried out with humans as subjects, aged between 7 and 53, in which a conditional discrimination procedure with compound samples made up by exteroceptive (colored geometric shapes) and proprioceptive stimuli (different ways of pointing at them) was used.Thus, subjects were trained to perform differently in the presence of each sample, and later to choose the correct comparison. They were then evaluated in a conditional discrimination with unitary samples for each one of the components of the previous compound stimulus (only behavior and only colored shapes). For this, a competition procedure was designed. Results showed that the exteroceptive stimuli exerted more influence over the chosen behavior than the proprioceptive stimuli. Results are discussed in relation to the importance that one’s own behavior discrimination may have in the origins of bidirectional discriminative control (AU)

[Absence of effect of the change of food context in the activity-based anorexia phenomenon in rats]. / Ausencia de efecto del cambio de contexto de comida en el fenómeno de anorexia por actividad en ratas.

The goal of this study was to analyse how the context in which animals remain during the period of access to food modulates the development of activity-based anorexia in rats. For this purpose, the effect of changing the context of the activity period and the eating period was measured in terms of body weight loss, reduction in food intake and increase in physical activity. A 2 yen 2 factorial design was implemented, by having or not having access to a running wheel, and by being exposed or not exposed to a context change. Results showed that exposure to different contexts for the wheel and for the food did not affect weight loss, food intake or activity levels. These results are in line with the theoretical position of Epling and Pierce (1992) that activity is induced by the food restriction regime.

Ausencia de efecto del cambio de contexto de comida en el fenómeno de anorexia por actividad en ratas / Absence of effect of the change of food context in the activity-based anorexia phenomenon in rats

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar cómo el contexto en el que los animales permanecen durante el período de acceso a la comida afecta al desarrollo del fenómeno de anorexia por actividad en ratas. Con este propósito se midió el efecto del cambio de contexto del período de actividad al de comida en la pérdida de peso, la perdida de ingesta y el aumento de actividad física. Se llevó a cabo un experimento con diseño factorial 2 ¥ 2 donde se manipuló el tener acceso o no a una rueda de actividad y el estar expuesto o no a un cambio de contexto entre el período de actividad y el de acceso a la comida. Los resultados mostraron que la exposición a un contexto diferente para la comida y la rueda no influyó ni en la pérdida de peso, ni en los niveles de ingesta, ni en la actividad que desarrollaron los animales. Estos resultados estarían en línea con la postura teórica de Epling y Pierce (1992) de que la actividad es inducida por el programa de restricción de alimento (AU)

The goal of this study was to analyse how the context in which animals remain during the period of access to food modulates the development of activity-based anorexia in rats. For this purpose, the effect of changing the context of the activity period and the eating period was measured in terms of body weight loss, reduction in food intake and increase in physical activity. A 2 ¥ 2 factorial design was implemented, by having or not having access to a running wheel, and by being exposed or not exposed to a context change. Results showed that exposure to different contexts for the wheel and for the food did not affect weight loss, food intake or activity levels. These results are in line with the theoretical position of Epling and Pierce (1992) that activity is induced by the food restriction regime (AU)

[Pneumoperitoneum in polytraumatized patients without perforated hollow viscera]. / Neumoperitoneo en politraumatismo sin perforación de víscera hueca.

Bowel and mesenteric injuries from blunt abdominal trauma are infrequent and difficult to diagnose. A finding of pneumoperitoneum on computed tomography is useful, although not specific. In associated blunt chest trauma gas can reach the peritoneal cavity through congenital or post-traumatic diaphragmatic interruptions. Two cases of pneumoperitoneum following associated blunt chest and abdominal trauma are reported. In both patients laparotomy did not show bowel perforation and conservative treatment could have been provided.

Neumoperitoneo en politraumatismo sin perforación de víscera hueca / Pneumoperitoneum in polytraumatized patients without perforated hollow viscera

Las lesiones intestinales y mesentéricas en el traumatismo abdominal cerrado son infrecuentes y difíciles de diagnosticar. El hallazgo de neumoperitoneo en la tomografía computarizada puede ser útil, pero es un signo poco específico. En el traumatismo torácico puede darse el paso de aire a través de defectos congénitos o postraumáticos en el diafragma. Presentamos a 2 pacientes con neumoperitoneo tras sufrir traumatismos abdominal y torácico cerrados en los que no se evidenció perforación de víscera hueca en la laparotomía. En ambos podía haberse hecho tratamiento conservador (AU)

Bowel and mesenteric injuries from blunt abdominal trauma are infrequent and difficult to diagnose. A finding of pneumoperitoneum on computed tomography is useful, although not specific. In associated blunt chest trauma gas can reach the peritoneal cavity through congenital or post-traumatic diaphragmatic interruptions. Two cases of pneumoperitoneum following associated blunt chest and abdominal trauma are reported. In both patients laparotomy did not show bowel perforation and conservative treatment could have been provided (AU)

¿Qué es la psicología para los estudiantes españoles de educación a distancia? / What is psychology for Spanish students of distance education?

Psychology students from National University of Distance Education in Spain (UNED) were presented with a modification of the standardized scale by Thiriat (1981) that has been used (with some changes) in almost all studies of this type. The survey explored authors, publications and phenomena that students considered to be the most outstanding in psychology. Students were also asked to choose among some definitions of psychology and of different important concepts as thought, intelligence and mind. Finally, students were required an evaluation of different aspects of psychology and their own views on psychology in comparison with other fields of knowledge. The results of this work were compared to the results of previous studies.

Se aplicó a los estudiantes de Psicología de la Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia en España (UNED) una modificación de la escala estandarizada por Thiriat (1981) y que ha sido utilizada (con más o menos cambios) en casi la totalidad de los trabajos de este tipo. En la encuesta se indaga sobre el autor, la obra y el fenómeno que considerasen como los más destacados de nuestra disciplina. También se les pedía que eligiesen entre varias definiciones de psicología y de diferentes conceptos relevantes como el pensamiento, la inteligencia o la mente. Por último, se les requería una valoración de diferentes aspectos de la psicología y de la propia psicología en su conjunto en comparación con otros campos del saber. Se concluye comparando los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo con otros similares realizados con otras poblaciones.